本篇论文目录导航： 【题目】武都区油橄榄生产施肥问题探究 【1.1 1.2】油橄榄特性及成分研究 【1.3 1.4】油橄榄高产栽培肥料类别及效应 【第二章】陇南油橄榄园施肥研究内容、材料与方法 【3.1】陇南油橄榄园土壤肥力与养分现状 【3.2】油橄榄各生长指标的规律及相互关系 【3.3】不同N、P、K配比对各生长指标的影响 【结论/参考文献】油橄榄配方施肥技术研究结论与参考文献 中文摘要 油橄榄（Olea europaea L.），也称阿列布、齐墩果，属木樨科（Oleaceae）木樨榄属（Olea）的常绿阔叶乔木，因果实形似橄榄，果肉内富含油脂而被称为-油橄榄，是着名的亚热带木本油料植物和果树以及重要的经济林树木
甘肃白龙江河谷地带的陇南市武都区是我国油橄榄最佳适生区，也是我国的油橄榄主产区之一
当前武都区的油橄榄生产普遍存在低产、不稳产甚至持续数年低产的问题，其主要原因除了气候因素之外，粗放油橄榄园土壤管理模式直接导致的土壤肥力低下，以及树体自身的营养失衡等因素都是油橄榄低产的重要原因
为此，针对陇南市武都区具备代表性的油橄榄园的土壤样本进行取样调查，并分析土壤养分状况，了解该地方的油橄榄园土壤的养分现状和肥力
以陇南市武都区表现较好的两个栽培品种莱星和鄂植8号为试验材料，通过配方施肥、单因素施肥试验研究，初步了解油橄榄枝条与果实生长发育规律、不同物候期油橄榄叶片营养含量的动态变化、以及油橄榄的单株产量变化
经试验数据分析总结出油橄榄园土壤养分标准，并初步提出油橄榄施肥时间、次数和肥料种类，为制定科学合理的油橄榄施肥策略提供必要的依据，提高科学施肥水平，指导油橄榄种植园的土壤合理性施肥及生产管理
1、油橄榄自萌芽期起始生长，整年的生长进程呈现的节奏为“快-慢一快一慢”,新稍生长量的年周期具有很强的规律性
油橄榄在全年的生长周期内，共呈现三次生长高峰，即4月上中旬、6月中下旬之间和8月中下旬
在生长发育周期内，油橄榄果实从坐果开始经过6月下旬至7月上中旬和9月的中下旬两次生长高峰期后共计生长150 d天后完全成熟
2、针对结果枝N、P、K三种元素动态分析表明：油橄榄在两个阶段对N、P、K营养的需求量较高，分别是开花授粉、果实膨大期；油橄榄果实坐果期需要大量N、P元素，但是对K的需求量较少，幼果时期针对营养的需求状况则与坐果期的需求相反，需要大量的K元素
3、根据新梢生长量以及果实的年生长发育规律，且与结果枝的N、P、K三种元素的动态相结合分析得出，在陇南武都区应注重以下四个时期的施肥措施：一是在油橄榄果实收获后，以含有N、P、K的复合肥为主；二是在打春后，3月至4月期间以施N肥和P肥为主；三是在5月末至6月的中旬期间，以N、P肥为主；四是在夏收时即6月至7月，以施K肥为主
4、幼树盆栽的试验结果表明：N、P、K肥的施入对油橄榄的幼树的枝条生长都有不同程度的促进作用： N肥试验以处理4最好，即每株施入100 g;P肥以处理3最好，即150 g/株，K肥的施入对生长有一定影响，但各水平之间无显着差异，表明油橄榄幼树生长对K肥施入量变化并不敏感
5、盛果初期的油橄榄树体大田单因素试验结果表明：施入N、P、K肥能明显促进枝条当年生长量，而N肥以处理3（株施125 g）最好
P肥以处理2（株施150 g）最高；K肥以处理3最好（株施200 g）
B肥和Zn肥也对新梢生长有一定促进，但是效果均不明显
当树体施入N、P、K、Zn、B肥后，均能提高花芽质量，其中以N、K和B肥效果最好，N肥处理2（株施50 g）、K肥处理3（株施150 g）和B肥处理3（株施150 g）肥效果明显，有效花芽提高20%以上
在树体施入N、P、K、Zn、B肥后，均能提高单株产量，N肥处理1（株施50 g）、P肥处理3（株施200 g）、B肥处理3（株施200 g）Zn肥处理3（株施125 g），均增产30%以上
6、盛果初期树体的配方施肥试验表明：影响油橄榄树体的生长量主次因子顺序为：C>E>B>A>D,即K>Zn>P>N>B,选取施肥的最佳组合为A2B4C1D3E2,即各元素施入纯量促进油橄榄新稍生长的最优组合为N:50 g;P:200 g;K:50 g;B:150 g;Zn:50 g.影响油橄榄有效花芽比例的主次因子依次为A>D>C>E>B,即N>B>K>Zn>P,选取施肥的最佳组合为A3D4C1E4B3,即各元素施入纯量提高有效花芽比例最优组合为N:100 g;P:150 g;K:50 g;B:200 g;Zn:125 g.影响油橄榄单株产量的主次因子依次为B>A>C>E>D,即P>N >K>Zn >B,选出的的最优组合为A1B1C2D2E1,即各施入纯量为：N25 g;P50 g;K100 g;B100 g;Zn25 g. 关键词：油橄榄，配比，施肥，生长，产量，规律 Abstract Olive （Olea europaea L.） belongs to genus Olea of the family Oleace . Olive isan important economic forest tree, which both oil and fruit tree species. Its fruit arerich in oil, and its shape is like olives, so people named it as the olive. Wudu, inGansu province of China, is one of the main cultivation area of Chinese olive, whereit is the most suitable place for the growth of olive, this area is in the Bailong rivervalley area of Longnan, Gansu of China. But it has a problem that is lowerproductivity. Besides climate factors, extensive management mode of olive orchardthat leads to the low soil fertility, and tree nutrition imbalances are both importantreasons of low yield. Therefore, in order to understand the soil nutrient fertilitystatus of olive orchard, the soil of olive orchard was investigated which isrepresentative in Wudu, Then the soil nutrient status in that region. was analyzed Wecarried out the fertilization experiment. The cutivars were aelceted asLeccinoand EZ-8,and the experiment included fertilizer and single factor. In the process of test, olivebranches , fruit growth , development rules, the dynamic changes of the olive leafnutrient content of different phonological phase, and the yield were all determined.From the analysis of the experimental data, we can get the nutrient standards of olivegarden soil, and put forward the oil olives' dressing time, numbers and kinds offertilizers, which can provide an essential basis for making reasonable fertilizationstrategies for soil management and fertilization in olive orchards. 1. When olive grows from bud,full year growth rhythm of the process shows as“fast-slow-fast-slow”. It has three growth peaks which are from April 1st to15th,from June 16thto 30thand from August 14thto 20th. It's a total of 150 days for theolives to grow from results to full maturity, which has to go through two growthpeaks---from June 16thto July 15thand from September 15thto 30th. 2.Dynamic analysis aimed at branch N, P, K elements shows that: olive has ahigher demand for N, P and K element , which is in the two stages : pollination periodand fruit enlargement period; fruit-set period also needs a large amount of N and Pelements but less amount on K; Instead,Young fruit period for nutrition status need alot of K elements. 3. According to new shoots increment , the growth disciplinarian of fruits , andthe dynamic analysis of branch N, P, K elements , it shows that: In wudu,Longnanfertilization measures in the following four stages should be paid attention: First, after the harvesting of the olive, compound fertilizer containing N, P, K should be used.Second, N, P, fertilizer should be used from March to April. Third,from may 30th toJune 15th , N, P, fertilizer should begin to be used. Fourth, from June to July ,itShould choose fertilizer which contains K . 4. Experimental results for potted young trees show that: the use of N, P, and Kfertilizer aimed at the young olive branches has different promoting effect towardsbranch growth: processing 4 is the best, namely 100g per plant; to P fertilizer,processing 3 is the best, namely 100g per plant. The fertilization of K affects growth ,but there is no significant difference of each level. This indicates that young Olive isnot sensitive to the changes of K-fertilizer. 5. The results of the early Olive trees in single factor experiment show that:the fertilization of N, P, K can improve the growth of the branch in the current year,and processing 3 is the best （125g per plant）
To P fertilizer, processing 2 is thebest（150 g per plant）； To K fertilizer, processing 3 is the best（200 g per plant）
Bfertilizer and Zn fertilizer will also promote the growth of fresh tip, but the results areboth not so significant. When the tree was applied to N, P, K Zn, B fertilization, all ofthem can improve the quality of flower buds, which fertilizer works best with the N,K, and B. To N fertilizer, processing 2 is the best（50 g per plant）； to K fertilizer,processing 3 is the best（150g per plant）； to B fertilizer, processing 3 is the best（150 gper plant）
The fertilization has a significant result, and the flower buds effectivelyincreased by more than 20%. The fertilization of N, P, K, Zn, B can all increase theproduction of each plant. To N fertilizer, processing 1 is the best（50g per plant）； to Pfertilizer, processing 3 is the best（200g per plant）； to B fertilizer, processing 3 is thebest（200g per plant）； to Zn fertilizer, processing 3 is the best（125 g per plant）， and allof them increased by more than 30%. 6. The results of the early Olive trees in formula fertilization factor experimentshow that: the primary and secondary factors which affect the growth of Olive are:C>E>B>A>D, namely K>Zn>P>N>B, and the best combination of fertilizationchoice is A2B4C1D3E2, namely the best combination of each element to improve thegrowth of the fresh branch is N:50 g;P:200g;K:50g;B:150g;Zn:50g. Primaryand secondary factors which affect the effective flower bud ratio are: A>D>C>E>B,namely N>B>K>Zn>P, and the best combination of fertilization choice isA3D4C1E4B3, namely best combination of each element to increase the ratio of theeffective flower bud is N:100g;P:150g;K:50g;B:200g;Zn:125g. Primary and secondary factors which affect the production of each plant are B>A>C>E>D,namelyP>N >K>Zn >B and the best combination choice,is A1B1C2D2E1,namely each elementfertilization of N25 g;P50 g1K100 g;B100 g;Zn25 g. Keywords: olive, Recipe, Fertilization, Growth, Production, Rhythm 目录 中文摘要 ABSTRACT 第一章综述 1.1油橄榄历史及发展 1.1.1甘肃油橄榄产业发展现状 1.1.2油橄榄产业发展制约因素 1.2油橄榄特性及成分研究 1.2.1油橄榄的植物学特征 1.2.2油橄榄的生物学特性 1.2.3油橄榄化学成分和药理研究 1.3油橄榄高产栽培肥料类别及效应 1.3.1氮肥 1.3.1.1氮肥施用效果 1.3.1.2氮肥缺乏症状 1.3.2磷肥 1.3.2.1磷肥施用效果 1.3.2.2磷肥缺乏症状 1.3.3钾肥 1.3.3.1钾肥施用效果 1.3.3.2钾肥缺乏症状 1.3.4硼肥 1.3.4.1硼肥缺乏症状 1.3.5锌肥 1.3.5.1锌肥缺乏症状 1.4施肥技术研究进展 1.4.1果树树施肥技术研究进展 1.4.2油橄榄施肥技术进展研究 1.4.3生态油橄榄园的可持续发展 第二章研究内容、材料与方法 2.1研究目标 2.2研究材料与方法 2.2.1试验地概况 2.2.2试验材料 2.2.3试验设计 2.2.3.1幼树施肥试验 2.2.3.2大田施肥单因素试验 2.2.3.3多因素施肥正交试验 2.2.3.4样品采集与指标测试方法 2.3研究技术路线图 2.4数据处理 第三章结果与分析 3.1陇南油橄榄园土壤肥力与养分现状 3.1.1土壤碱解氮 3.1.2土壤速效磷 3.1.3土壤速效钾 3.1.4土壤p H、有机质及有效养分间的关系 3.2油橄榄各生长指标的规律及相互关系 3.2.1油橄榄新梢生长模型 3.2.2不同施肥处理下新梢生长年内变化规律 3.2.3果实生长发育规律 3.2.4新梢生长与果实发育之间关系 3.3不同N、P、K配比对各生长指标的影响 3.3.1不同物候期结果枝叶片N、P、K含量的动态变化 3.3.2 N、P、K对油橄榄幼树生长量的影响 3.3.3 N、P、K、B、Zn对油橄榄结果初期树生长量的影响 3.3.4 N、P、K、B、Zn元素施入对油橄榄有效花芽比例的影响 3.3.5 N、P、K、B、Zn元素对油橄榄单株产量的影响 3.3.6配方施肥对油橄榄生长量的影响 3.3.7配方施肥对有效花芽比例的影响 3.3.8配方施肥对油橄榄单株产量的影响 第四章讨论与结论 参考文献 致谢 返回本篇论文导航
